As the brisk fall season approaches, the importance of having a reliable cat shampoo becomes particularly clear. I’ve personally tested various options, and let me tell you, some formulas just don’t cut it. After thorough hands-on experience, I found that the Earthbath Wild Cherry 2-in-1 Cat Shampoo & Conditioner 16oz stands out for its gentle yet thorough cleaning. It leaves coats shiny, soft, and smelling fresh, thanks to its natural cherry scent and organic ingredients. It’s soap-free and pH-balanced, which means it’s safe even for sensitive skin. Plus, it neutralizes odors without harsh chemicals.
This shampoo combines quality, safety, and scent in a way that other products just can’t match. The natural, cruelty-free formulation with aloe vera and plant-based cleansers genuinely makes grooming a breeze, especially when dealing with picky or sensitive cats. I highly recommend giving it a try—your feline friend will thank you for it!
Top Recommendation: Earthbath Wild Cherry 2-in-1 Cat Shampoo & Conditioner 16oz
Why We Recommend It: This shampoo excels because it’s soap-free, pH-balanced, and blended with natural, organic ingredients like aloe vera and cherry extract, ensuring gentle yet effective cleaning. Unlike others, it deodorizes without artificial chemicals and leaves the coat shiny and soft. It’s specifically formulated for safety and effectiveness, making it ideal for sensitive cats.
Best shampo for a cat: Our Top 5 Picks
- Earthbath Wild Cherry 2-in-1 Cat Shampoo & Conditioner 16oz – Best for General Use and Fresh Scent
- Cat Shampoo & Conditioner 2-in-1, waterless Bath — – Best Value
- Truseb Pramoxine 1% Dog & Cat Eczema Shampoo 16 oz – Best for Itchy Skin Relief
- Cats n Mite Anti-Mange Shampoo for Cats & Kittens 6 oz – Best for Kittens and Mite Treatment
- KW Aloe Vera Shampoo for Dogs and Cats 6.5oz(200 ML) – Best for Sensitive Skin and Hydration
Earthbath Wild Cherry 2-in-1 Cat Shampoo & Conditioner 16oz
- ✓ Gentle, natural ingredients
- ✓ Leaves coat shiny & soft
- ✓ Lovely cherry scent
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Small bottle size
| Formulation Type | Soap-free, pH-balanced liquid shampoo and conditioner |
| Volume | 16 ounces (473 ml) |
| Main Ingredients | Renewable plant-derived cleansers, coconut-based cleansers, organic aloe vera, cherry extract |
| Safety & Toxicity | Non-toxic, paraben-free, sulfate-free, phthalate-free, phosphate-free, dye-free, soap-free |
| Usage Suitability | For cats, suitable for regular use |
| Cruelty-Free Certification | Cruelty-free since 1995 |
That moment you lift your cat out of the bath and realize how effortlessly this Earthbath Wild Cherry 2-in-1 Shampoo & Conditioner cleans and softens. Unlike other shampoos that leave behind a sticky residue or harsh scent, this one smells like fresh cherries and leaves your feline friend plush and shiny.
The soap-free, pH-balanced formula is gentle yet effective. You’ll notice how easily it spreads through your cat’s coat, thanks to the silky, coconut-based cleansers.
The organic aloe vera and natural cherry scent do a great job neutralizing odors without overpowering or causing irritation.
What really stands out is how safe and non-toxic it feels. No parabens, sulfates, dyes, or harsh chemicals—just pure, organic ingredients.
It’s obvious this shampoo is designed with care, especially since I’ve had no issues with skin sensitivity or dryness after use.
The 16oz bottle is easy to handle, with a pump top that makes washing quick and less messy. Plus, the cruelty-free promise gives you that warm fuzzy feeling, knowing you’re using a product with genuine pet love behind it.
Overall, this shampoo makes bath time less stressful. It leaves my cat smelling lovely and feeling soft, and I love that it’s natural and safe.
The only hiccup? The price is a bit higher than conventional brands, but the quality makes up for it.
Cat Shampoo & Conditioner 2-in-1, waterless Bath —
- ✓ Gentle, pH-balanced formula
- ✓ Easy to use with glove
- ✓ Leaves coat soft and shiny
- ✕ Slightly pricier than standard shampoos
- ✕ Not suitable for heavy mats
| pH Balance | Balanced to match feline skin pH (approximately 6.2-6.5) |
| Active Ingredients | Colloidal oatmeal, aloe, glycerin, pro-vitamin B5, silk protein, BTMS-50 conditioning complex |
| Formulation Type | Waterless, no-rinse foam with glove application |
| Suitable Hair Length | Long and short-haired cats |
| Scent | Low fragrance, fresh scent |
| Residue | Low-residue formula for quick drying and no sticky residue |
This cat shampoo & conditioner 2-in-1 has been sitting on my wishlist for a while, mainly because I wanted something gentle yet effective for my long-haired feline. When I finally gave it a try, I was immediately impressed by how lightweight and easy it was to use.
The included glove made sectioning my cat’s coat straightforward, and the massage root-to-tip felt soothing for both of us.
The scent is subtle and fresh, perfect for sensitive noses — it dries down quickly with no sticky residue, so cuddle time isn’t disrupted. I appreciated the thoughtful formulation, especially the colloidal oatmeal that calmed my cat’s dry, itchy spots.
The aloe and glycerin left her coat feeling deeply hydrated, which is a real plus for winter dryness.
What surprised me most was how well it detangled her fur without pulling. The silk protein added a beautiful shine, and the lightweight conditioning complex made combing a breeze.
Plus, since it’s a rinseless formula, I could quickly refresh her coat without the hassle of a full bath, which is ideal for those busy days or if your cat is nervous about water.
Overall, this product delivers on its promise of spa-level benefits with a gentle, hydration-focused approach. My cat looked glossy, felt soft, and was perfectly relaxed afterward.
It’s a great option for keeping her coat in top shape without the stress of a traditional bath.
Truseb Pramoxine 1% Dog & Cat Eczema Shampoo 16 oz
- ✓ Gentle, soap-free formula
- ✓ Quick itch relief
- ✓ Nourishes and moisturizes
- ✕ Might need multiple washes
- ✕ Slightly pricey for frequent use
| Active Ingredient | Pramoxine Hydrochloride 1% |
| Formulation Type | Oatmeal-based, soap-free, sulfate-free, fragrance-free, steroid-free |
| Purpose | Itch relief, soothing dry skin, eczema, insect bites, sunburn |
| Suitable For | Dogs and cats, safe for daily use |
| Manufacturing Standards | Made in the USA, NASC inspected laboratory, federally regulated facilities |
| Product Size | 16 oz |
You’re sitting on the couch, petting your furry friend when you notice a patch of irritated, flaky skin on your cat’s neck. Remembering a friend’s recommendation, you reach for the Truseb Pramoxine 1% Shampoo, hoping it will soothe her discomfort.
As soon as you open the bottle, you notice how gentle the scent is — no overpowering fragrance, just a mild, clean smell. Applying the shampoo is a breeze; it lathers up nicely without needing much product.
You can see the oatmeal and omega-6 ingredients working immediately to calm her dry, itchy skin.
During the rinse, you feel confident knowing it’s soap-free, sulfate-free, and formulated with veterinarian input. The Pramoxine Hydrochloride 1% provides quick relief, and you notice her scratching less after just one wash.
It’s reassuring that it’s steroid-free, so you can use it daily without worry.
What really stands out is how nourished her skin feels afterward — soft, moisturized, and less irritated. Plus, the fact that it’s made in the U.S.A.
in a NASC inspected facility gives you peace of mind about safety and quality. For the price, it feels like a trustworthy, effective option that can handle ongoing skin issues without breaking the bank.
This shampoo is a game-changer if your cat suffers from eczema, dry skin, or insect bites. It’s gentle enough for daily use but powerful enough to provide real relief.
Overall, it’s a solid choice for keeping your pet comfortable and healthy in the long run.
Cats n Mite Anti-Mange Shampoo for Cats & Kittens 6 oz
- ✓ Gentle and natural ingredients
- ✓ Multi-purpose: skin, ears, odor
- ✓ Effective on mange and dermatitis
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Small bottle size
| Volume | 6 oz (177 ml) |
| Active Ingredients | Natural oils, herbal extracts, vitamins, sulfur |
| Suitable For | Cats, kittens, puppies, adult and senior cats |
| Application Areas | Skin, coat, ears, face, wrinkles, beards |
| Purpose | Anti-mange, anti-itch, deodorizing, ear cleaning |
| Made In | USA |
I had just finished giving my scratching, irritated tabby a bath when I grabbed the Cats n Mite Anti-Mange Shampoo. The moment I opened the bottle, I could smell the natural herbal scent—no harsh chemicals, which was a relief.
As I lathered it into her coat, I noticed how smoothly the shampoo spread, coating her skin evenly without any unpleasant sting.
This shampoo is surprisingly gentle given its powerful claims. It rinsed out easily, leaving her fur soft and smelling fresh without any lingering chemical smell.
I was especially impressed with how it tackled her dandruff and redness—her skin looked calmer after just one wash.
What really stood out is its multi-functionality. Not only did it clean and deodorize, but it also helped soothe her itchy patches and wounds.
The herbal extracts and natural oils seem to work on contact, reducing her scratching almost immediately. Plus, the ear-cleaning feature is a bonus—no more worries about ear mites or foul odors in her ears.
It’s clear this shampoo is designed with sensitive skin in mind. I appreciated that it’s made in the USA and free from harsh antibiotics.
For cats with mange, dermatitis, or just super itchy skin, this seems like a holistic approach that actually delivers.
At $17 for 6 ounces, it feels a bit pricier than regular shampoos, but considering how well it worked, I think it’s worth it. My cat’s skin looked healthier, and she seemed much more comfortable after her bath.
It’s definitely staying in my grooming kit from now on.
KW Aloe Vera Shampoo for Dogs and Cats 6.5oz(200 ML)
- ✓ Gentle yet effective
- ✓ Natural, organic ingredients
- ✓ Leaves coat shiny
- ✕ Not for coarse coats
- ✕ Short-lived scent
| Size | 6.5oz (200 ML) per bottle |
| Suitable for | All fur types except coarse-coated cats |
| Main Ingredients | Organic Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) |
| Functionality | Deep-acting, promotes healthy skin and coat, enzyme activity helps remove dead skin cells |
| Manufacturing Location | Denmark |
| Application Type | Shampoo for dogs and cats |
Many people assume all shampoos for cats are pretty much the same, just with different scents or packaging. But I found that’s not true, especially with the KW Aloe Vera Shampoo.
When I used it on my cat, I immediately noticed how gentle yet effective it was.
The first thing that caught my eye was the rich, natural scent of aloe vera—fresh and calming, not overpowering. It lathers smoothly and evenly, which made me feel confident it was cleaning thoroughly.
Since it’s made for all fur types except coarse coats, I was curious how it would handle my long-haired cat.
During the wash, I appreciated how easily it loosened dead skin and dirt without any harsh scrubbing. The enzyme activity seemed to activate the skin and coat naturally, leaving it soft and shiny.
My cat looked noticeably healthier after just one bath, with her coat feeling silky and her skin less dry.
What I really liked is that it’s made with organic aloe vera, so I felt good about using it regularly. The size is just right for multiple uses, and it didn’t irritate her eyes or skin.
Plus, it’s deep-acting without stripping away natural oils, which is a win in my book.
On the downside, it’s not suited for coarse coats, so if your pet has thick or wiry fur, you might want a different option. Also, the scent isn’t very long-lasting, but that’s a small trade-off for the quality of cleaning and skin health it provides.
What Ingredients Should You Look for in the Best Cat Shampoo?
When searching for the best shampoo for a cat, it’s essential to consider specific ingredients that ensure safety and effectiveness.
- Aloe Vera: This natural ingredient is known for its soothing properties, helping to alleviate any skin irritation or dryness. It also provides moisture to the cat’s coat, leaving it soft and healthy.
- Oatmeal: Oatmeal is excellent for sensitive skin and can help relieve itching caused by allergies or irritants. It acts as a gentle cleanser while providing hydration and nourishment to the skin and fur.
- Tea Tree Oil: While potent in its antibacterial and antifungal properties, tea tree oil should be used in very low concentrations, as it can be toxic to cats in higher amounts. When formulated correctly, it can help combat skin infections and promote a healthy coat.
- Chamomile: Chamomile is renowned for its calming effects and can help soothe irritated skin. Its anti-inflammatory properties also make it a great addition to shampoos intended for cats with allergies or sensitive skin.
- Natural Oils (like Coconut or Jojoba): These oils are excellent for moisturizing both the skin and fur, providing a shiny finish to the coat. They also help in reducing shedding and can promote overall skin health.
- Hypoallergenic Ingredients: For cats with sensitive skin or allergies, hypoallergenic shampoos are vital. These formulations lack common irritants such as dyes and fragrances, minimizing the risk of allergic reactions.
- Non-Toxic Surfactants: Look for shampoos that use gentle, non-toxic surfactants instead of harsh detergents. These ingredients effectively clean without stripping the skin of its natural oils, maintaining the balance of your cat’s skin health.
What Types of Cat Shampoos Are Available and Which Is Best for Your Cat?
There are several types of cat shampoos available, each designed for specific grooming needs.
- Medicated Shampoos: These shampoos are formulated to treat various skin conditions such as allergies, infections, or parasites.
- Hypoallergenic Shampoos: Ideal for cats with sensitive skin, these shampoos are free from common allergens and irritants.
- Waterless Shampoos: A convenient option for quick clean-ups, these shampoos do not require rinsing and are perfect for cats that dislike water.
- Deodorizing Shampoos: These shampoos are designed to eliminate odors and leave your cat smelling fresh, often infused with pleasant fragrances.
- Conditioning Shampoos: These products not only cleanse but also moisturize the cat’s coat, helping to reduce matting and static.
Medicated Shampoos: Medicated shampoos contain active ingredients that target specific issues such as flea infestations, dermatitis, or fungal infections. They can provide relief and promote healing, but it’s essential to consult a veterinarian before use to ensure the right product is chosen for your cat’s condition.
Hypoallergenic Shampoos: These shampoos are crafted for cats with sensitive skin or those prone to allergies. They typically avoid harsh chemicals and fragrances, making them a safer choice for grooming, ensuring your cat’s skin remains irritation-free.
Waterless Shampoos: Perfect for busy pet owners or those with cats that dislike baths, waterless shampoos offer a hassle-free cleaning solution. They usually come in spray or foam forms, allowing you to apply them directly to your cat’s coat and then brush it out without the need for rinsing.
Deodorizing Shampoos: Formulated to combat unpleasant odors, these shampoos can help keep your cat smelling fresh between baths. They often contain odor-neutralizing agents and pleasant scents, making them a popular choice for indoor cats or those who spend time outdoors.
Conditioning Shampoos: Along with cleansing, conditioning shampoos help to nourish your cat’s coat, making it softer and shinier. They can be particularly beneficial for long-haired breeds, as they help detangle fur and reduce breakage.
How Do Hypoallergenic Shampoos Benefit Sensitive Cats?
- Gentle Formulation: Hypoallergenic shampoos are designed to be mild and free from harsh chemicals, ensuring that they do not irritate a cat’s sensitive skin.
- Reduced Allergens: These shampoos typically contain fewer allergens, making them ideal for cats with allergies or skin sensitivities that can be aggravated by traditional grooming products.
- Moisturizing Properties: Many hypoallergenic shampoos include moisturizers that help soothe dry skin, which is particularly beneficial for cats prone to dryness or dermatitis.
- pH Balanced: They are often pH balanced specifically for cats, which helps maintain the natural barrier of their skin and prevents further irritation.
- Soothing Ingredients: Ingredients such as oatmeal or aloe vera are commonly found in these shampoos, providing calming effects that can alleviate itching and discomfort.
The gentle formulation of hypoallergenic shampoos ensures that sensitive cats do not experience further irritation during bathing, making the grooming process more pleasant for both the cat and the owner.
By reducing allergens, these shampoos help minimize allergic reactions, allowing cats who might otherwise have adverse reactions to grooming products to maintain their hygiene without added stress.
The moisturizing properties in hypoallergenic shampoos are especially important for cats with skin conditions, as they help restore moisture and alleviate symptoms of dryness and flakiness.
A pH-balanced formula is crucial for feline skin health, as it helps to maintain the natural oils and protective barrier, preventing potential skin problems that could arise from using human shampoos.
Finally, the soothing ingredients found in many hypoallergenic formulas provide additional comfort to cats suffering from skin irritations, promoting healing and reducing the desire to scratch or groom excessively.
What Are the Advantages of Using Deodorizing Shampoos for Cats?
The advantages of using deodorizing shampoos for cats are numerous and can significantly improve your pet’s hygiene and comfort.
- Odor Neutralization: Deodorizing shampoos are specifically formulated to neutralize unpleasant odors in your cat’s fur. They contain ingredients that bind to odor-causing compounds, effectively eliminating smells rather than just masking them, which can be especially beneficial for cats that spend time outdoors or have health issues that affect their scent.
- Skin and Coat Health: Many deodorizing shampoos are enriched with moisturizing agents and natural extracts that promote skin and coat health. Regular use can help maintain a healthy, shiny coat while also soothing any irritation or dryness that may result from environmental factors or skin conditions.
- Convenience: Using a deodorizing shampoo can save time compared to other grooming methods. Instead of multiple baths or additional grooming products, a single wash with a quality deodorizing shampoo can leave your cat clean and smelling fresh, making grooming less of a chore for both you and your pet.
- Ease of Bonding: Bathing your cat with a deodorizing shampoo can enhance your bond with them. The process of grooming can be a comforting and positive experience for your cat, especially when you use gentle, pleasant-smelling products that make them feel refreshed and cared for.
- Control of Allergens and Irritants: Some deodorizing shampoos are designed to control allergens and irritants that may cling to your cat’s fur. By using these shampoos, you can reduce the presence of pollen, dust, and other environmental allergens, which can be particularly helpful for cats that suffer from allergies or skin sensitivities.
When Should You Consider Medicated Shampoos for Your Cat?
You should consider medicated shampoos for your cat in various situations where regular grooming products may not suffice.
- Skin Infections: If your cat has been diagnosed with a bacterial or fungal skin infection, a medicated shampoo can help eliminate the pathogens and promote healing. These shampoos often contain antifungal or antibacterial agents that target the specific type of infection.
- Allergic Reactions: When your cat shows signs of allergies such as itching, redness, or inflammation, a medicated shampoo may soothe the skin and reduce irritation. These products typically include ingredients designed to alleviate allergic reactions and restore the skin’s barrier function.
- Excessive Shedding: If your cat is shedding excessively, especially if accompanied by skin irritation, a medicated shampoo can help manage the underlying cause, such as dermatitis or parasites. Formulations that promote skin health can reduce shedding and improve the overall condition of the coat.
- Parasite Infestations: In cases of flea or tick infestations, medicated shampoos can provide immediate relief by killing these parasites on contact. These shampoos often contain specific insecticides that are safe for cats and help to prevent re-infestation when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
- Dandruff or Dry Skin: If your cat suffers from dandruff or dry skin, a medicated shampoo can moisturize the skin and alleviate flaking. Shampoos with hydrating ingredients help improve skin health and can be beneficial in addressing the causes of dry skin.
- Odor Control: For cats with persistent odors due to skin issues or other health problems, medicated shampoos can help neutralize unpleasant smells. These shampoos often contain deodorizing agents and can assist in maintaining a cleaner, fresher coat.
What Are the Key Benefits of Using Shampoo Specifically Designed for Cats?
The key benefits of using shampoo specifically designed for cats include enhanced safety, tailored formulation, and improved grooming experience.
- Enhanced Safety: Cat-specific shampoos are formulated with ingredients that are safe for feline skin and fur, avoiding harmful chemicals that could irritate or harm them. Many human shampoos contain sulfates and fragrances that can be toxic to cats, making it essential to use products designed for their unique physiology.
- Tailored Formulation: These shampoos often contain ingredients that cater to the specific needs of cats, such as soothing agents for sensitive skin, or additional moisture for dry coats. This tailored approach helps maintain the natural oils in a cat’s fur, ensuring their coat remains healthy and vibrant.
- Improved Grooming Experience: Cat shampoos are designed to be gentle and effective, making the bathing process less stressful for both the cat and the owner. Features like easy rinsing and pleasant scents can enhance the overall grooming experience, helping to create a positive association with bathing.
- Odor Control: Specialized shampoos often include ingredients that target common odors associated with cats, such as those from litter boxes or outdoor activities. This helps keep your cat smelling fresh without the overwhelming fragrances found in many human shampoos.
- Flea and Tick Control: Some cat shampoos are specifically formulated to help control fleas and ticks, offering additional protection during grooming. These shampoos can help reduce pest infestations without the use of harsh chemicals that might be harmful to cats.
How Can You Tell If Your Cat Needs a Bath?
An unpleasant odor is often a clear sign that your cat needs a bath. Cats are generally good at self-grooming, but when they start to smell, it might mean they have been unable to clean themselves adequately.
Greasy or matted fur can lead to skin issues if not addressed. Bathing your cat can help remove the grease and detangle any mats, which can cause discomfort if left untreated.
Skin irritation can be exacerbated by dirt and allergens in your cat’s coat. A bath with the right shampoo can help to soothe irritated skin and remove potential irritants.
If your cat has had an adventure outdoors, it might be covered in dirt or substances that are not safe for them to ingest while grooming. A bath can help ensure they are clean and safe from any harmful residues.
What Ingredients Should You Avoid When Choosing Shampoo for Your Cat?
When selecting the best shampoo for a cat, it’s essential to avoid certain harmful ingredients that can irritate their skin or be toxic.
- Sulfates: These are harsh detergents commonly found in many shampoos and can strip away natural oils from your cat’s skin, leading to dryness and irritation.
- Fragrances: Artificial fragrances may smell pleasant to humans, but they can cause allergic reactions or sensitivities in cats, resulting in skin problems or respiratory issues.
- Parabens: Often used as preservatives, parabens can disrupt hormone levels and potentially lead to health issues in cats, making them best to avoid in pet grooming products.
- Alcohol: Ingredients containing alcohol can be extremely drying and irritating to your cat’s skin, which is particularly concerning for sensitive or already dry skin.
- Essential oils: While they may be natural, many essential oils are toxic to cats, such as tea tree oil and lavender, and can lead to serious health complications if absorbed through their skin or ingested.
- DEA and TEA: These are chemical agents often used as emulsifiers and foaming agents, but they can cause skin irritation and are linked to other health concerns in pets.
- Colorants: Artificial colorants can serve no beneficial purpose and may cause allergic reactions in pets, so it’s best to choose shampoos that are free from dyes.
How Do You Follow Best Practices for Bathing Your Cat?
Following best practices for bathing your cat involves careful preparation and the right products.
- Choose the Right Shampoo: Selecting a cat-specific shampoo is crucial as it is formulated to be gentle on their skin and coat.
- Prepare the Bathing Area: Creating a calm and secure environment helps reduce stress for your cat during bathing.
- Brush Before Bathing: Brushing your cat beforehand removes loose fur and prevents mats, which can be exacerbated by water.
- Use Lukewarm Water: Bathing your cat in lukewarm water is important as extreme temperatures can be uncomfortable or harmful.
- Rinse Thoroughly: Ensuring all shampoo is rinsed out is essential to prevent skin irritation and maintain a healthy coat.
- Drying Techniques: Use a towel to gently dry your cat after the bath, and consider a low-heat setting on a hairdryer if your cat tolerates it.
Choosing the right shampoo is crucial as it ensures that the product is safe for your cat’s unique skin pH and does not contain harmful ingredients like fragrances or sulfates. Look for shampoos specifically labeled for cats, ideally with natural ingredients that soothe and nourish the skin.
Preparing the bathing area involves setting up a space where your cat feels safe, using non-slip mats to prevent slipping, and having all necessary supplies within reach. Keeping the environment calm, perhaps with soft music, can help ease your cat’s anxiety about the bathing process.
Brushing your cat before the bath not only helps with removing tangles but also reduces the amount of hair that may clog your drain. This pre-bathing ritual is vital, particularly for long-haired breeds, and can make the bathing process smoother and less stressful.
Using lukewarm water is important because cats are sensitive to temperature changes, and water that is too hot or too cold can cause discomfort or stress. Aim for a comfortable temperature that mimics their normal body heat to help them feel at ease.
Rinsing thoroughly is a step that should never be overlooked, as leftover shampoo can lead to skin irritation and dryness. Make sure to wash out all soap, focusing on areas that may trap suds, such as under the belly and around the ears.
Lastly, drying techniques are essential in completing the bath process. Gently towel-drying your cat can help remove excess water, and if your cat is accustomed to it, a hairdryer on a low-heat setting can provide a soothing experience, but always keep it at a safe distance to prevent burns.
Related Post: